python提示No module named setuptools,wget提示ERROR 403: SSL is required及报错Cannot fetch index base URL

一、python安装提示No module named setuptools,wget提示ERROR 403: SSL is required

在下载安装一个python工具时提示报错No module named setuptools publish:November 3, 2017 -Friday

[root@kermit supervisor-3.3.0]$ sudo python setup.py install
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 32, in <module>
    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
ImportError: No module named setuptools

于是去下载setuptools工具，但遇到报错 ERROR 403: SSL is required.

[root@kermit ~]# wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
--2017-11-03 11:20:16--  http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
Resolving pypi.python.org... 151.101.72.223, 2a04:4e42:11::223
Connecting to pypi.python.org|151.101.72.223|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 403 SSL is required
2017-11-03 11:20:16 ERROR 403: SSL is required.

这时可能你会把它认为是要进行ssl证书检查的错误，可能会去尝试下面的命令，但发现仍然会报错。另外wget在安装的时候也有一项配置：./configure —with-ssl=openssl，这个配置会影响wget是否支持获取https的内容。

sudo wget --no-check-certificate http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz

实际这个ERROR 403: SSL is required报错只是要求请求的URL一定要是https, 请求方自己没有做301转向处理。所以使用以下的命令即可。然后安装setuptools

sudo wget  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
tar -xvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
cd setuptools-0.6c11
sudo python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install
.....
#如下标志安装成功
Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
#查看文件
[root@kermit ~]$ ll /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333591 Nov  3 11:31 /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg

二、python安装报错ImportError: No module named MySQLdb及Cannot fetch index base URL

1. 关于提示：No module named MySQLdb的报错
今天在一台服务器上使用python调用mysql时，在安装时出现以下错误(已经安装pip)：

[root@123 download]# pip install mysql-python
Downloading/unpacking mysql-python
  Cannot fetch index base URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement mysql-python
No distributions at all found for mysql-python
Storing complete log in /root/.pip/pip.log
之前我使用pip install mysql-python方法解决了，日记记录见：http://47.93.183.36/article/298.html, 但今天却出了问题，后在网上看到这么一个回答不同的系统和程序有解决方法：
easy_install mysql-python (mix os)
pip install mysql-python (mix os)
apt-get install python-mysqldb (Linux Ubuntu)
cd/usr/ports/databases/py-MySQLdb && make install clean (FreeBSD)
yum install MySQL-python (linux Fedora, CentOS)
pip install mysqlclient (Windows)

我用上面的方法：yum install MySQL-python 解决了问题，可我之前的日志中确实是在CentOS release 6.8使用的python，不知道这是啥时候留下的日志，先发在这里。

2. 关于提示Cannot fetch index base URL的报错：
今天在安装一个python框架的时候报错提示：Cannot fetch index base URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/

[root@123 download]# pip install tornado
Downloading/unpacking tornado
  Cannot fetch index base URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement tornado
No distributions at all found for tornado
Storing complete log in /root/.pip/pip.log

给人的感觉就是像yum install时找不到正确的源地址一样，解决办法就是换个源地址吧。解决办法，创建文件并写入以下内容，再次使用pip安装即可。

#文件路径：
[root@123 download]#vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
#写入内容。
[global]  
index-url=http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

三、ImportError: No module named virtualenv报错的解决办法

昨天在执行安装https服务的时候，遇到报错：ImportError: No module named virtualenv

[root@iZ282iltjiwZ https]# ./certbot-auto --nginx certonly
Creating virtual environment...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/virtualenv", line 2, in <module>
    import virtualenv
ImportError: No module named virtualenv

在看到上面的报错之后，我执行安装：

[root@iZ282iltjiwZ https]# yum install virtualenv
Loaded plugins: security
Setting up Install Process
No package virtualenv available.
Error: Nothing to do

发现是包名不对后又更换包名执行安装yum install -y python-virtualenv，发现这些都提示已经安装成功了，如下

[root@iZ282iltjiwZ https]# yum install python-virtualenv
Loaded plugins: security
Setting up Install Process
Package python-virtualenv-12.0.7-1.el6.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

可是却依然报错No module named virtualenv，原来这是我已经升级过python2.6到2.7版本的原因，yum安装的virtualenv使用的依然还是旧版本的python2.6，而我当前的python用的是2.7，所以会报错，所以解决方法可以是以下两种方法之一

1：更换yum的python版本为2.7再进行安装。
2：从官方下载virtualenv的tar文件包，解压病利用新版本的python安装：#python2.7 setup.py install。

解决方法如下, 成功安装virtualenv，从而解决了问题。

wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/33/bc/fa0b5347139cd9564f0d44ebd2b147ac97c36b2403943dbee8a25fd74012/virtualenv-16.0.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf virtualenv-16.0.0.tar.gz 
cd virtualenv-16.0.0
python setup.py  install
.....
#成功安装后的提示
Installed /usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for virtualenv==16.0.0
Finished processing dependencies for virtualenv==16.0.0